NICNAME/WHOIS
La RFC 954 définit le protocole NICNAME/WHOIS, qui fournit un service d'annuaire centralisé pour localiser des utilisateurs et des organisations sur les débuts d'Internet. Il répond au besoin d'un moyen à l'échelle du réseau de trouver le nom complet, l'adresse postale, le numéro de téléphone et l'adresse e-mail d'une personne. Le système fonctionne comme un simple service de requête-réponse TCP où un client se connecte à un port spécifique, envoie un terme de recherche ou une « ligne de commande », et reçoit les informations d'annuaire correspondantes. Cette approche permet une recherche flexible par nom, identifiant unique (handle) ou boîte e-mail. Notamment, le service est conçu pour être lisible par l'humain plutôt que pour être traité par une machine, ce qui signifie que les réponses sont formatées pour être lues directement par des personnes. La portée est limitée aux utilisateurs enregistrés dans la base de données NIC, et la connexion est automatiquement fermée par le serveur une fois les données livrées.
🇬🇧 Résumé (en anglais)
RFC 954 defines the NICNAME/WHOIS protocol, which provides a centralized directory service for locating users and organizations on the early internet. It addresses the need for a netwide way to find a person's full name, mailing address, telephone number, and email address. The system works as a simple TCP query-response service where a client connects to a specific port, sends a search term or "command line," and receives the matching directory information. This approach allows for flexible searching by name, unique handle, or email mailbox. Notably, the service is designed for human readability rather than machine processing, meaning the responses are formatted for people to read directly. The scope is limited to users registered in the NIC database, and the connection is automatically closed by the server once the data is delivered.
Network Working Group K. Harrenstien (SRI)
Request for Comments: 954 M. Stahl (SRI)
Obsoletes: RFC 812 E. Feinler (SRI)
October 1985
NICNAME/WHOIS
STATUS OF THIS MEMO
This RFC is the official specification of the NICNAME/WHOIS protocol.
This memo describes the protocol and the service. This is an update
of RFC 812. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
INTRODUCTION
The NICNAME/WHOIS Server is a TCP transaction based query/response
server, running on the SRI-NIC machine (26.0.0.73 or 10.0.0.51), that
provides netwide directory service to internet users. It is one of a
series of internet name services maintained by the DDN Network
Information Center (NIC) at SRI International on behalf of the
Defense Communications Agency (DCA). The server is accessible across
the Internet from user programs running on local hosts, and it
delivers the full name, U.S. mailing address, telephone number, and
network mailbox for DDN users who are registered in the NIC database.
This server, together with the corresponding WHOIS Database can also
deliver online look-up of individuals or their online mailboxes,
network organizations, DDN nodes and associated hosts, and TAC
telephone numbers. The service is designed to be user-friendly and
the information is delivered in human-readable format. DCA strongly
encourages network hosts to provide their users with access to this
network service.
WHO SHOULD BE IN THE DATABASE
DCA requests that each individual with a directory on an ARPANET or
MILNET host, who is capable of passing traffic across the DoD
Internet, be registered in the NIC WHOIS Database. MILNET TAC users
must be registered in the database. To register, send via electronic
mail to REGISTRAR@SRI-NIC.ARPA your full name, middle initial, U.S.
mailing address (including mail stop and full explanation of
abbreviations and acronyms), ZIP code, telephone (including Autovon
and FTS, if available), and one network mailbox. Contact the DDN
Network Information Center, REGISTRAR@SRI-NIC.ARPA or (800) 235-3155,
for assistance with registration.
NICNAME/WHOIS
PROTOCOL
To access the NICNAME/WHOIS server:
Connect to the SRI-NIC service host at TCP service port 43
(decimal).
Send a single "command line", ending with <CRLF> (ASCII CR and
LF).
Receive information in response to the command line. The server
closes its connection as soon as the output is finished.
EXISTING USER PROGRAMS
NICNAME is the global name for the user program, although many sites
have chosen to use the more familiar name of "WHOIS". There are
versions of the NICNAME user program for TENEX, TOPS-20, and UNIX.
The TENEX and TOPS-20 programs are written in assembly language
(FAIL/MACRO), and the UNIX version is written in C. They are easy to
invoke, taking one argument which is passed directly to the NICNAME
server at SRI-NIC. Contact NIC@SRI-NIC.ARPA for copies of the
program.
COMMAND LINES AND REPLIES
A command line is normally a single name specification. Note that
the specification formats will evolve with time; the best way to
obtain the most recent documentation on name specifications is to
give the server a command line consisting of "?<CRLF>" (that is, a
question-mark alone as the name specification). The response from
the NICNAME server will list all possible formats that can be used.
The responses are not currently intended to be machine-readable; the
information is meant to be passed back directly to a human user. The
following three examples illustrate the use of NICNAME as of October
1985.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Command line: ?
Response:
Please enter a name or a NIC handle, such as "Smith" or "SRI-NIC".
Starting with a period forces a name-only search; starting with
exclamation point forces handle-only. Examples:
NICNAME/WHOIS
Smith [looks for name or handle SMITH]
!SRI-NIC [looks for handle SRI-NIC only]
.Smith, John
[looks for name JOHN SMITH only]
Adding "..." to the argument will match anything from that point,
e.g. "ZU..." will match ZUL, ZUM, etc.
To search for mailboxes, use one of these forms:
Smith@ [looks for mailboxes with username SMITH]
@Host [looks for mailboxes on HOST]
Smith@Host
[Looks for mailboxes with username SMITH on HOST]
To obtain the entire membership list of a group or organization,
or a list of all authorized users of a host, precede the name of
the host or organization by an asterisk, i.e. *SRI-NIC. [CAUTION:
If there are a lot of members, this will take a long time!] You
may use exclamation point and asterisk, or a period and asterisk
together.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Command line: fischer
Response:
Fischer, Charles (CF17) fischer@UWISC (608) 262-1204
Fischer, Herman (HF) HFischer@USC-ECLB (818) 902-5139
Fischer, Jeffery H. (JHF1) FISCHER@LL-XN (617) 863-5500
ext 4403 or 4689
Fischer, Kenneth (KF8) SAC.SIUBO@USC-ISIE (402) 294-5161
(AV) 271-5161
Fischer, Marty (MF28) MFISCHER@DCA-EMS (703) 437-2344
Fischer, Michael J. (MJF) FISCHER@YALE (203) 436-0744
Fischer, Nancy C. (NANCY) FISCHER@SRI-NIC (415) 859-2539
Fischer, Richard A. (RAF4) Fisher Richa@LLL-MFE (415) 422-5032
To single out any individual entry, repeat the command using the
argument "!HANDLE" instead of "NAME", where the handle is in
parentheses following the name.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Command line: !nancy
Response:
NICNAME/WHOIS
Fischer, Nancy C. (NANCY) FISCHER@SRI-NIC SRI International
Telecommunication Sciences Center
333 Ravenswood Avenue, EJ289
Menlo Park, California 94025
Phone: (415) 859-2539
MILNET TAC user
---------------------------------------------------------------------
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Harrenstien, K., and White, V., "NICNAME/WHOIS," RFC-812, Network
Information Center, SRI International, March 1982.
2. Harrenstien, K., "NAME/FINGER," RFC-742, Network Information
Center, SRI International, December 1977.